Lecture 2 Working in Business Measurement of personality - not simple to do Some people have more personality than others Personality • People are different • An organised combination of attributes, motives, values and behaviours (Sigelman & Rider, 2009) • Unique to each individual • Traits - consistent across situations and time • Extroverts - social and talkative • Our personality interacts with the situation in order to bring about behaviour Self-concept: perceptions of ourselves Ten words to describe yourself: is our self-concept - Importantly isn’t always accurate, the way we perceive ourselves isn’t always the way others perceive us. E.g. masterchef - often contestants believe in their own ability often little basis in reality Self esteem (how we evaluate ourselves) • How good or competent we think we are overall. • First attempt to explain personality was by ‘Freud’: Psychoanalystic Theory of Personality (Sigelman & Rider, 2009) Id. Ego and Superego formed from psychic energy (Libido) He argued that all of our behaviour is motivated by 3 related systems: • 1) Id: Represents our unconscious instinctive desires we need to reproduce and survive. (Instinctual nature of humans) • 2) Ego: rational and objective. According to Freud, our ego develops to help the id obtain its needs and desires. It forms realistic strategies to help us achieve our goals. • 3) Superego: encompasses societies morals and norms. Makes sure the strategies that ego uses to help the id obtain its desires are moral and ethical or it makes sure our behaviours do not conflict with society as a whole and if we do we feel guilt. (internalized moral standards)