DOH133 notes

1 Found helpful • 24 Pages • Complete Study Notes • Year: Pre-2021

The subject introduces microorganisms, their characteristics and how they affect humans. Infection, inflammation and basic immunology, will be core concepts of the subject. The cultivation, enumeration, and identification of microrganisms, and ways that their growth can be controlled are emphasised. The mechanisms by which medically important microorganisms cause disease, and human defences and precautions against infection are introduced. Classes of microorganisms of specific relevance to the common oral diseases of gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries will be discussed in detail. # Introduction to the microbial world. # Cellular Structure (Composition and structure of micro-organisms including microbial nomenclature and classification; comparison of the major groups of micro-organisms; bacterial anatomy including size, shape, cell membrane, cell wall, flagella, pili, capsules and endospores; microscopy and staining techniques including the Gram stain and the acid fast stain); # Methods used to study micro-organisms (including microscopy) # Growth and Culturing (cultivation of bacteria: types of solid and liquid media; methods of anaerobic cultivation; the isolation of pure cultures; nutrition of micro-organisms including energy sources and growth factors; environmental requirements including temperature, pH and oxygen); # Control of Growth (reproduction and growth: the growth cycle of bacteria; measurement of growth; principles of heat sterilisation including moist heat, dry heat, drying and freezing; antimicrobial chemical agents including characteristics of an ideal disinfectant and factors affecting disinfectant potency; antibiotics including their mode of action, types, and methods of testing antibiotics); # Microbial Genetics (structure and function of genetic material: regulation of gene expression: mutation: gene transfer and recombination); # The Bacteria (an introduction to those bacteria of medical, environmental or industrial importance: structure and composition; classification; modes of transmission); # Mycology (structure, growth and classification of fungi and fungi-like organisms); # Virus, Viroids, Prions and Parasites ((an introduction to those organisms of medical, environmental or industrial importance: structure and composition; classification; transmission); # Principles of Disease & Epidemiology (interactions between microbes and humans: a description of the various antimicrobial defences of the host; the normal flora of the body; Kochs postulates); # Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (pathogens, virulence and infection: pathogenesis of disease; factors influencing infection and virulence); # Immunology (antigens, antibodies and Immunity: an introductory description of antibodies and antigens and the types of immunity); # Micro-organisms of medical importance: a description of several micro-organisms and the diseases they cause in humans # Application of microbiology to dental practice: microorganism classes of specific relevance to the common oral diseases of gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries; infection control.

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