Exam notes for Evidence and Criminal Procedure. Lecture 1-Introduction to Evidence-Proof and Presumptions 7 Proof and Presumptions 7 Proof: 7 Burden of Proof: 7 Evidential burden vs. Legal burden: 8 Standard of Proof: 8 Civil-‘balance of probabilities’ 140 Evidence Act (EA) 8 Criminal-‘beyond reasonable doubt’ s. 141 Evidence Act (EA) 8 Civil Cases: 8 Criminal Cases: 8 Judicial Notice: 8 Uniform Evidence Law: 9 Lecture 2: Introduction to the Evidence Act-Relevance 10 Uniform Evidence Law 10 Evidence: 10 Ultimate issue: 10 Facts in Issue: 10 Thresholds to admissibility 10 Relevance: 11 Evidence Act-s.55: RELEVANCE 11 S.135 Evidence Act-General discretion to exclude evidence: 12 S.137 Evidence Act 12 S.136 Evidence Act 12 S.138 Evidence Act 12 Relativity of Evidence: 12 Lecture 4-Privilege: 15 Client Legal Privilege: 15 Privilege in Perspective –ALRC report 107: 16 Topic 5: Documents and Real Evidence 20 Types of Evidence 20 EVIDENCE ACT 1995 - SECT 11 General powers of a court 20 Part 2.2 Documents 20 47. Definitions 20 48. Proof of contents of documents 21 49. Documents in foreign countries 21 50. Proof of voluminous or complex documents 22 51. Original document rule abolished 22 Real Evidence 22 PART 2.3 - OTHER EVIDENCE 22 52. Adducing of other evidence not affected 22 53. Views 22 R v Milat (1996) (unreported) 23 R v Bilal Skaf, R v Mohammed Skaf [2004] NSWCCA 37 23 Evans v R [2007] HCA 59 24 54. Views to be evidence 24 Witnesses 24 Failure to give or call evidence 24 Section 13 Competence: lack of capacity 25 21 Sworn evidence to be on oath or affirmation 25 Section 13 Competence: lack of capacity 25 Exceptions to compellability 25 Child witnesses 26 Exceptions to Compellability 26 S16 – judges and jurors 26 S17 – defendants, co-defendants 26 S18 – relatives 27 Section 18 Compellability of spouses and others in criminal proceedings 27 Compellability of spouses 28 Control by the court 29 Seeking leave 30 Examination of witnesses 30 Non-leading questions 30 Reviving memory 30 Unfavourable witnesses 31 Cross-examination 31 Re-examination 32 Topic 6: Hearsay 32 EVIDENCE ACT 1995 - SECT 59 33 The Hearsay Rule 33 Steps 33 Definitions 33 "representation" : 33 59 The hearsay rule—exclusion of hearsay evidence 34 Unintended Assertions 35 First Hand Hearsay 37 1. Who is the maker of the representation? 37 Section 62: Restriction to “first-hand” Hearsay 37 3. Does the maker have personal knowledge? 37 4. Is the maker of the representation available or unavailable to give evidence? 37 Is it a civil or criminal proceeding? 38 64 Exception: civil proceedings if maker available 38 65 Exception: criminal proceedings if maker not available 38 Notice and Objections 39 66A Exception: contemporaneous statements about a person’s health etc 39 Documentary Exceptions 39 72 Exception: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditional laws and customs 39 Section 73 Exception: reputation as to relationships and age 39 Topic 7: Hearsay for a Non-hearsay Use Admissions 40 Old Act: s 60 Exception: evidence relevant for a non-hearsay purpose 40 Papakosmas v The Queen (1999) 196 CLR 297 40 Lee v The Queen (1998) 195 CLR 594 40 Shepherd v R [2011] NSWCCA 245 41 s81 Hearsay and opinion rules: exception for admissions and related representations 41 Part 1 Definitions: “Admission” 41 s89 Evidence of silence 42 89A Evidence of silence in serious indictable offences 42 82 Exclusion of evidence of admissions that is not first-hand 43 Topic 8: Opinion Evidence 43 • Quick v Stoland Pty Ltd (1998) 175 ALR 615 44 EVIDENCE ACT 1995 - SECT 76 44 Dasreef Pty Ltd v Hawchar [2011] HCA 21 44 Exceptions to s76 44 Lithgow City Council v Jackson [2011] HCA 36 44 s77: opinions relevant for non-opinion use 45 s78: lay opinions 46 CASES: 46 R v Panetta (1997) 26 MVR 332 46 Lithgow City Council v Jackson [2011] HCA 36 46 s79: opinions based on specialised knowledge 46 Identification evidence 46 CASES: 46 Smith v The Queen (2001) 206 CLR 650 46 Specialised Knowledge 47 Frey  is there general acceptance in science discipline? 47 Daubert says if general acceptance  good. 47 R v Hien Puoc Tang [2006] NSWCCA 167 47 s78A: opinions about ATSI laws and customs 48 Topic 9: Tendency and Coincidence 48 Tendency 48 Coincidence 49 s95 Use of evidence for other purposes 49 97 The tendency rule 49 S98 coincidence rule 50 Common law coincidence cases 50 Significant Probative Value 51 Hoch v R (1988) 165 CLR 292 – concoction, contamination or collusion 51 Pfennig v R (1995) 182 CLR 461 – no rational view consistent with innocence 51 R v Joiner [2002] NSWCCA 354 52 R v Ellis (2003) 58 NSWLR 700 52 Topic 10: Exclusion of Evidence Warnings, Comments and Directions 53 R v Linard Shamouil [2006] NSWCCA 112 53 138 Exclusion of improperly or illegally obtained evidence 53 139 Cautioning of persons 53 CASES: 54 R v Swaffield; Pavic v R (1998) 192 CLR 159 54 Tofilau v The Queen (2007) 238 ALR 650; [2007] HCA 39 54 Em v The Queen (2007) 239 ALR 204; [2007] HCA 46 54 Carr v Western Australia (2007) 239 ALR 415; [2007] HCA 47 54 136 General discretion to limit use of evidence 54 Judicial comments 54 CASES: 54 Weissensteiner v The Queen (1993) 178 CLR 217 54 Jones v Dunkel (1959) 101 CLR 298 54 S20 Comment on failure to give evidence 54 Judicial warnings s165 Unreliable evidence 55 Unreliable evidence 55 CASES: 55 Identification evidence: S116, Domican v R (1992) 173 CLR 555 55 Children’s evidence: S165A and s165B – amended into new s165A. 55 Uncorroborated evidence: s164 55 DELAY: 165B Delay in prosecution (Amended Act) 55 CASES 56 Crofts v The Queen (1996) 186 CLR 427 56 Longman v The Queen (1989) 168 CLR 79 56 Crampton v The Queen (2000) 176 ALR 369 56 Doggett v The Queen (2001) 182 ALR 1 56 R v BWT (2002) 54 NSWLR 2441 56 Topic 11: Revision 56 Is it admissible? 57 Once admitted: 57