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MPU-3322/3342 CONTEMPORARY MALAYSIAN ISSUES ASSESSMENT 1: REVIEW REPORT
MPU3322 - Contemporary Malaysian Issues
16 Pages • Essays / Projects • Year Uploaded: 2023
Corruption is a form of activity that abuses the power given by the authority for personal gain (The Economic Times n.d). It is a complex phenomenon that can manifest in various forms. Some of the most common types of corruption include bribery, which involves giving or receiving money or other forms of incentives in exchange for favorable treatment; embezzlement, where someone in a position of trust or authority misappropriates funds for their personal gain; extortion, which is the use of threats or coercion to obtain money or other benefits; nepotism or networking, which involves favoring friends, family members, or acquaintances in hiring, promotions, or contracts; under-the-table transactions, where deals are made in secret to avoid taxes or regulations; manipulation of the election result, which can involve vote buying, voter intimidation, or rigging; and money laundering, which is the process of making illegally obtained money appear legitimate. Corruption is a widespread problem that can have severe and far-reaching consequences. It can undermine faith in institutions, undermines democratic processes, impedes economic progress, and worsens social and environmental issues such as inequality, poverty, and environmental degradation (Transparency International n.d). In Malaysia, corruption issue also can be seen in our daily lives. According to Trading Economics (n.d), Malaysia’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is rank over 61 of 180 countries with a score of 41 in 2022
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