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9 Pages • Essays / Projects • Year Uploaded: 2023
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and function of red blood cells. It is caused by a mutation in the gene responsible for producing hemoglobin, a protein that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. This mutation leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin known as hemoglobin S. Normally, red blood cells are round and flexible, allowing them to easily flow through blood vessels. However, in individuals with sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become rigid and take on a sickle or crescent shape. These sickle-shaped cells can get stuck in small blood vessels, obstructing blood flow and leading to various complications. The symptoms and severity of sickle cell anemia can vary from person to person. Some common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), pain crises, and an increased susceptibility to infections. Pain crises, also known as sickle cell crises, are episodes of severe pain that occur when sickle-shaped red blood cells block blood flow to different parts of the body.
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